Visualizing the Countries Most Reliant on Tourism
Without a steady influx of tourism revenue, many countries could face severe economic damage.
As the global travel and tourism industry stalls, the spillover effects to global employment are wide-reaching. A total of 330 million jobs are supported by this industry around the world, and it contributes 10%, or $8.9 trillion to global GDP each year.
Today’s infographic uses data from the World Travel & Tourism Council, and it highlights the countries that depend the most on the travel and tourism industry according to employment—quantifying the scale that the industry contributes to the health of the global economy.
Ground Control
Worldwide, 44 countries rely on the travel and tourism industry for more than 15% of their total share of employment. Unsurprisingly, many of the countries suffering the most economic damage are island nations.
At the same time, data reveals the extent to which certain larger nations rely on tourism. In New Zealand, for example, 479,000 jobs are generated by the travel and tourism industry, while in Cambodia tourism contributes to 2.4 million jobs.
| Rank | Country | T&T Share of Jobs (2019) | T&T Jobs (2019) | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Antigua & Barbuda | 91% | 33,800 | 97,900 |
| 2 | Aruba | 84% | 35,000 | 106,800 |
| 3 | St. Lucia | 78% | 62,900 | 183,600 |
| 4 | US Virgin Islands | 69% | 28,800 | 104,400 |
| 5 | Macau | 66% | 253,700 | 649,300 |
| 6 | Maldives | 60% | 155,600 | 540,500 |
| 7 | St. Kitts & Nevis | 59% | 14,100 | 53,200 |
| 8 | British Virgin Islands | 54% | 5,500 | 30,200 |
| 9 | Bahamas | 52% | 103,900 | 393,200 |
| 10 | Anguilla | 51% | 3,800 | 15,000 |
| 11 | St. Vincent & the Grenadines | 45% | 19,900 | 110,900 |
| 12 | Seychelles | 44% | 20,600 | 98,300 |
| 13 | Grenada | 43% | 24,300 | 112,500 |
| 14 | Former Netherlands Antilles | 41% | 25,700 | 26,200 |
| 15 | Belize | 39% | 64,800 | 397,600 |
| 16 | Cape Verde | 39% | 98,300 | 556,000 |
| 17 | Dominica | 39% | 13,600 | 72,000 |
| 18 | Vanuatu | 36% | 29,000 | 307,100 |
| 19 | Barbados | 33% | 44,900 | 287,400 |
| 20 | Cayman Islands | 33% | 12,300 | 65,700 |
| 21 | Jamaica | 33% | 406,100 | 2,961,000 |
| 22 | Montenegro | 33% | 66,900 | 628,100 |
| 23 | Georgia | 28% | 488,200 | 3,989,000 |
| 24 | Cambodia | 26% | 2,371,100 | 16,719,000 |
| 25 | Fiji | 26% | 90,700 | 896,400 |
| 26 | Croatia | 25% | 383,400 | 4,105,000 |
| 27 | Philippines | 24% | 10,237,700 | 109,600,000 |
| 28 | Sao Tome and Principe | 23% | 14,500 | 219,200 |
| 29 | Bermuda | 23% | 7,800 | 62,300 |
| 30 | Albania | 22% | 254,300 | 2,880,000 |
| 31 | Iceland | 22% | 44,100 | 341,200 |
| 32 | Greece | 22% | 846,200 | 10,420,000 |
| 33 | Thailand | 21% | 8,054,600 | 69,800,000 |
| 34 | Malta | 21% | 52,800 | 441,500 |
| 35 | New Zealand | 20% | 479,400 | 4,822,000 |
| 36 | Lebanon | 19% | 434,200 | 6,825,000 |
| 37 | Mauritius | 19% | 104,200 | 1,272,000 |
| 38 | Portugal | 19% | 902,400 | 10,197,000 |
| 39 | Kiribati | 18% | 6,600 | 119,000 |
| 40 | Gambia | 18% | 129,600 | 2,417,000 |
| 41 | Jordan | 18% | 254,700 | 10,200,000 |
| 42 | Dominican Republic | 17% | 810,800 | 10,848,000 |
| 43 | Uruguay | 16% | 262,500 | 3,474,000 |
| 44 | Namibia | 15% | 114,600 | 2,541,000 |
Croatia, another tourist hotspot, is hoping to reopen in time for peak season—the country generated tourism revenues of $13B in 2019. With a population of over 4 million, travel and tourism contributes to 25% of its workforce.
How the 20 Largest Economies Stack Up
Tourist-centric countries remain the hardest hit from global travel bans, but the world’s biggest economies are also feeling the impact.
In Spain, tourism ranks as the third highest contributor to its economy. If lockdowns remain in place until September, it is projected to lose $68 billion (€62 billion) in revenues.
| Rank | Country | Travel and Tourism, Contribution to GDP |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mexico | 15.5% |
| 2 | Spain | 14.3% |
| 3 | Italy | 13.0% |
| 4 | Turkey | 11.3% |
| 5 | China | 11.3% |
| 6 | Australia | 10.8% |
| 7 | Saudi Arabia | 9.5% |
| 8 | Germany | 9.1% |
| 9 | United Kingdom | 9.0% |
| 10 | U.S. | 8.6% |
| 11 | France | 8.5% |
| 12 | Brazil | 7.7% |
| 13 | Switzerland | 7.6% |
| 14 | Japan | 7.0% |
| 15 | India | 6.8% |
| 16 | Canada | 6.3% |
| 17 | Netherlands | 5.7% |
| 18 | Indonesia | 5.7% |
| 19 | Russia | 5.0% |
| 20 | South Korea | 2.8% |
On the other hand, South Korea is impacted the least: just 2.8% of its GDP is reliant on tourism.
Travel, Interrupted
Which countries earn the most from the travel and tourism industry in absolute dollar terms?
Topping the list was the U.S., with tourism contributing over $1.8 trillion to its economy, or 8.6% of its GDP in 2019. The U.S. remains a global epicenter for COVID-19 cases, and details remain unconfirmed if the country will reopen to visitors before summer.
Meanwhile, the contribution of travel and tourism to China’s economy has more than doubled over the last decade, approaching $1.6 trillion. To help bolster economic activity, China and South Korea have eased restrictions by establishing a travel corridor.
As countries slowly reopen, other travel bubbles are beginning to make headway. For example, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania have eased travel restrictions by creating an established travel zone. Australia and New Zealand have a similar arrangement on the horizon. These travel bubbles allow citizens from each country to travel within a given zone.
Of course, COVID-19 will have a lasting impact on employment and global economic activity with inconceivable outcomes. When the dust finally settles, could global tourism face a reckoning?
