In developed economies around the world, it’s generally expected that currencies will retain their purchasing power over time.
While this is most often the case, sometimes there are situations in which currency markets begin acting in ways that are less predictable.
Growing amounts of political or economic uncertainty, for example, can cause a currency to experience amplified levels of volatility — an environment in which it may see bigger ups and downs than most market participants are used to.
Brexit, Currency Risk, and the Pound
Today’s infographic comes to us from BlackRock, and it focuses in on the recent volatility of the British pound to illustrate how currency risk can impact a UK investor’s portfolio, and how this risk can be mitigated through currency hedging techniques.
Currency risk is present in any unhedged portfolio that holds investments denominated in international currencies.
When currencies experience increased levels of volatility — such as the British pound over the last five years — it can make this risk even more evident, ultimately impacting investor returns.
Brexit in Focus
In the lead-up to the EU Referendum in June 2016, and certainly afterwards, it’s been clear that the sterling has decoupled from its typical trading patterns.
Sterling volatility, as you would know, is at emerging market levels and has decoupled from other advanced economy pairs.
– Mark Carney, Bank of England (September 2019)
Every twist and turn in the Brexit saga has helped stoke fluctuations in the value of the pound, especially in usually stable pairs such as EUR/GBP or USD/GBP. It is possible that these swings could continue throughout 2020, and even beyond.
What impact can these fluctuations have on investment portfolios, and what can investors do to avoid them?
Currency Risk 101
The challenge of currency risk is that it can affect returns, either positively or negatively.
In other words, in addition to the risk you are exposed to by owning a particular investment, you are also at the mercy of foreign exchange rates. This means the performance of your investment could be canceled out by currency fluctuations, or returns could be amplified if exchange rate movements are to your advantage.
For example, in a typical UK portfolio that holds 60% global equities and 40% global bonds, currency risk actually has the highest projected risk contribution:
Projected Risk Contribution (60/40 Global Portfolio)
- Foreign Exchange Risk: 4.55%
- Equity Risk: 3.36%
- Interest Rate Risk: 0.44%
- Spread Risk: 0.06%
- Total: 8.40%
When there is added volatility in currency markets, like in recent times, even a home-biased portfolio can be adversely affected. Given this, how can investors be sure they are getting a return from the underlying assets in a portfolio, instead of from unpredictable currency swings?
To Hedge, or Not to Hedge
There is a range of strategies that allow investors to hedge currency risk, but one simpler option may be to simply buy a fund (such as an ETF) that is hedged.
That said, not all investors may want to hedge currency risk. For example, an investor has a specific foreign exchange view (i.e. that a currency will go up or down in value) may want to purposefully get exposure to currency risk to take advantage of this view.
While it may not always make sense to use currency-hedged funds, they can reduce the overall investment risk on international exposures.
And if you are not so sure of where the pound is heading in coming months, now could potentially be a good time to explore such a tool.
